Ukudluliswa kukagesi kwe-Ultra-high-voltage eChina

Ukudluliswa kukagesi kwe-Ultra-voltage (Ukudluliswa kukagesi kwe-UHV) kusetshenziswe eChina kusukela ngo-2009 ukudlulisa zombili ezinye izindlela zikagesi zamanje (i-DC) kanye ne-Direct yamanje (DC) amabanga amabanga amabanga amade ahlukanisayo amabanga amade ahlukanisayo amabanga amade ahlukanisa amabanga amade ahlukanisayo amabanga amadala ahlukanisa ama-china amandla nabathengi. Ukunwetshwa kwe-AC kanye ne-DC yamandla okuqhubeka ukuze uhambisane nesizukulwane ukuze usetshenziswe lapho unciphisa ukulahleka kokudlulisela. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Decarbonazation kuzovela ekushintshelweni kokusebenza okuphansi kokusebenza kahle, okuseduze nasegwini, ngesizukulwane esiphakeme sanamuhla ukusebenza kahle ngokungcoliswa okuncane eduze kwezinsizakusebenza zamandla.

Isendlalela

Kusukela ngo-2004, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi eChina bekukhula ngezinga elingakaze libonwe ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo kwemikhakha yezimboni. Ukushoda okungathi sína ngo-2005 kwaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezinkampani eziningi zaseChina. Kusukela lapho, iChina itshalwe kabi kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni ugesi ukuze kufezeke izidingo ezivela ezimbonini ngakho-ke kuvikeleke ukukhula komnotho. Kufakwe umthamo we-General I-TWH ngonyaka ka-2018 ukusuka ku-4,690 Thh ngonyaka ka-2011, ngokuba namandla afakiwe afinyelela ku-1,463 gw kusuka ku-1,056 gw, kanti u-342 gw, kanye ne-40gw i-gear.china yisizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke esidla ngogesi ngo-2011.

Ukuhambisa nokusabalalisa

Ohlangothini lokuhambisa kanye nokusatshalaliswa, izwe ligxile ekukhulisweni kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukulahleka ngo:

1. Ukuhambisa i-Ultra-High-High-voltage eqondile (UHVDC) kanye ne-Ultra-high-voltage ukushintshana kwamanje (UHVAC) ukuhambisa

2.Izingcweti ezisebenza nge-amorphous Metal esebenza nge-Amorphous Metal Transformers

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-UHV emhlabeni wonke

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-UHV kanye nemibuthano embalwa ye-UHVAC sekuvele kwakhiwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Isibonelo, kwakhiwa amasekethe ama-2,350 km kwabangu-1,150 KV kwangaphambilini, kwathi kusungulwe ama-427 km ama-1 000 ac ac coicle eJapan (Kita-Iwaki Powerline). Imigqa yokuhlola yezikali ezahlukahlukene nayo itholakala emazweni amaningi. Kodwa-ke, iningi lale migqa njengamanje lisebenza kumandla kagesi aphansi ngenxa yokufunwa kwamandla noma ezinye izizathu. Kunezibonelo ezimbalwa ze-UHVDC. Yize kukhona amasekethe amaningi we- ± 500 kV (noma ngaphansi) emhlabeni wonke, okuwukuphela kwemibuthano yokusebenza ngaphezulu kwalomkhawulo wokuhambisa ugesi kagesi ngo-735 kv (kusukela ngo-11 422 km ku-600 kv Project eBrazil. ERussia, umsebenzi wokwakha ku-2400 km ende íipolar ± 750 KV DC umugqa, i-HVDC Ekibastuz-Center yaqala ngo-1978 kodwa ayikaze iqedwe. E-USA ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1970s a 1333 kV amandla ahlelwe esiteshini sokuguqula uCelilo eDeover Dam. Ngale njongo i-Powerline ende yokuhlola yamandla eduzane naseCelilo Converter Station yakhiwa, kepha umugqa wedemu we-hoover awukaze wakhelwe.

Izizathu zokudluliselwa kwe-UHV eChina

Isinqumo saseChina sokuya e-UHV Runstion kususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi izinsiza zamandla zikude nezikhungo zomthwalo. Iningi lemithombo ye-hydropower lisentshonalanga, futhi amalahle asenyakatho-ntshonalanga, kepha ukulayisha okukhulu kusempumalanga naseningizimu. Ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokuhambisa ezingeni elilawulekayo, ukuhanjiswa kwe-UHV kuyindlela enengqondo. Njengoba i-State Grid Corporation yeChina imemezele engqungqutheleni yamazwe angama-2009 ekudlulisweni kwamandla kagesi e-UHV eBeijing, iChina izotshala imali engu-RMB 600 billion (cishe ama-US $ 88 billion) ekuthuthukisweni kwe-UHV phakathi kwamanje no-2020.

Ukuqaliswa kokuqaliswa kwegridi ye-UHV kunika amandla ukwakhiwa kwe-New, Cleaner, izitshalo zokuphehla kwamandla ezisebenza kahle kude nezindawo zabantu. Izitshalo zamandla amadala ogwini zizothatha umhlalaphansi. Lokhu kuzokwehlisa inani eliphelele lokungcola, kanye nokungcoliswa kwezakhamizi ezindlini ezihlala ezindlini zasemadolobheni. Ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ezinkulu zamandla aphakathi ezihlinzeka ngokushisa kukagesi nakho ukungcoliswa kukagesi kunciphise ukwedlula ama-boileers asetshenziselwa ukufudumeza kwama-herleating emakhaya amaningi okugcina ama-purectifings e-veritifing

Imibuthano ye-UHV iqediwe noma yakhiwa

Kusukela ngo-2021, imibuthano ye-UHV esebenzayo yile:

 

Ukwakhiwa okungaphansi / ekuhlelweni kwemigqa ye-UHV yile:

 

Impikiswano phezu kwe-UHV

Kukhona impikiswano yokuthi ukwakhiwa okuhlongozwe yi-State Grid Corporation of China kuyicebo lokuba namandla kakhudlwana nokulwa nokuvuselelwa kwegridi yamandla.

Ngaphambi kwesivumelwano seParis, esakwenza kudingekile ukuthi isigaba samalahle, uwoyela kanye negesi, kube nengxabano phezu kwe-UHV kusukela ngo-2004 lapho i-State Grid Corporation of China ehlongoza umbono we-EHV China. Impikiswano ibilokhu igxile e-UHVAC ngenkathi umbono wokwakha i-UHVDC uye wamukelwa kabanzi.Izinkinga eziphikisanayo kakhulu zibhalwe abane ngezansi.

1. Izingqinamba Zokuphepha Nezethenjwa: Ngokwakhiwa kwemigqa yokuhambisa ngokwengeziwe kanye ne-UHV yokuhambisa, igridi yamandla ezungeze izwe lonke ixhumeke kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka ingozi emgqeni owodwa, kunzima ukunciphisa umkhawulo wethonya endaweni encane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amathuba amnyama aya ngokuya ephakeme. Futhi, kungaba sengozini enkulu yobuphekula.
   
2. Inkinga Yemakethe: Yonke eminye imigqa yokuhambisa i-UHV emhlabeni wonke njengamanje isebenza kumandla kagesi ophansi ngoba ayisatholakali isidingo esanele. Yize iningi lezinsizakusebenza zamalahle lisenyakatho-ntshonalanga, kunzima ukwakha izitshalo zamalahle amalahle lapho ngoba zidinga inani elikhulu lamanzi futhi lokho kungumthombo onqabile enyakatho-ntshonalanga China China. Futhi nokuthuthukiswa komnotho eNtshonalanga China, isidingo sikagesi besilokhu sikhulisa le minyaka.
3. Izinkinga zemvelo kanye nokusebenza kahle: Abanye ochwepheshe bathi imigqa ye-UHV ngeke ilondoloze umhlaba othe xaxa uma kuqhathaniswa nokwazisa okwengeziwe kwezitimela zokunyuka kwamalahle kanye nesizukulwane samandla esiteshini sendawo, ukwakhiwa kwamandla aphethwe ngamatshe asentshonalanga kuyaphazanyiswa. Olunye udaba lusebenza kahle. Kusetshenziswa ukushisa okuhlanganisiwe namandla endaweni yomsebenzisi kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunokusebenzisa amandla kusuka emigqeni yokuhambisa ibanga elide.
   
4. Inkinga yezomnotho: Ukutshalwa kwemali okuphelele kulinganiselwa ukuthi kube yi-270 billion RMB (azungeze ama-US $ 40 billion), okubiza kakhulu ukwedlula ukwakha isitimela esisha sokuhamba kwamalahle.

Njengoba i-UHV inikeza ithuba lokudlulisa amandla avuselelekayo kusuka ezindaweni ezikude ezinamandla amakhulu okufakwa okukhulu kwamandla okufakwa komoya nama-Photovoltaics. I-SGCC ikhuluma ngekhono elingaba khona lamandla omoya we-200 gw esifundeni seXinjiang.

I-Sichuan D & F Electric Co, Ltd.Njengomenzi oholayo wezinto zokwehlukanisa ngogesi, izingxenye zesakhiwo sikagesi, ibha yebhasi elahlisiwe, ibha yebhasi eliqinile lebhasi eliguquguqukayo, singomunye wabahlinzeki abaphambili bemibiko yokufakwa kwamabhasi e-UHVDC lawa maphrojekthi wokuhambisa we-UHVDC. Ngeminye imininingwane, sicela uvakashele iwebhusayithi yami ukuthola eminye imininingwane mayelana nemikhiqizo.