Ukuhanjiswa kukagesi we-Ultra-high-voltage e-China

Ukudluliswa kukagesi we-Ultra-high-voltage (UHV kagesi odluliswayo) isetshenziswe e-China kusukela ngo-2009 ukudlulisa kokubili ugesi wamanje (AC) kanye nowamanje oqondile (DC) emabangeni amade ahlukanisa izinsiza zamandla zaseShayina kanye nabathengi. Ukunwetshwa komthamo we-AC kanye ne-DC kuyaqhubeka ukuze kuqhathaniswe nezidingo zokusetshenziswa ngenkathi kunciphisa ukulahleka kokudlulisela. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Decarbonization kuzovela ekushintshweni kokukhiqizwa kwekhono eliphansi, eliseduze nogu, ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu kwesimanjemanje okunokungcola okuncane eduze kwemithombo yamandla.

Ingemuva

Kusukela ngo-2004, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi eShayina bekulokhu kukhula ngezinga elingakaze libonwe ngenxa yokukhula ngokushesha kwemikhakha yezimboni. Ukushoda okukhulu kwempahla ngo-2005 kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezinkampani eziningi zaseShayina. Kusukela lapho, iShayina itshale imali eningi kakhulu ekuhlinzekweni kukagesi ukuze kufezwe isidingo sezimboni futhi kuvikeleke ukukhula komnotho. Umthamo wokukhiqiza ofakiwe usuke ku-443 GW ekupheleni kuka-2004 kuya ku-793 GW ekupheleni kuka-2008. Ukwenyuka kule minyaka emine kulingana cishe nokukodwa kokuthathu komthamo wengqikithi ye-United States, noma izikhathi ezingu-1.4 zengqikithi yomthamo we-United States. E-Japan.Phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla onyaka nakho kukhuphukile kusuka ku-2,197 TWh kuya ku-3,426 TWh. Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi waseChina kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele ku-6,800–6,900 TWh ngo-2018 kusuka ku-4,690 TWh ngo-2011, namandla afakiwe afinyelela ku-1,463 GW ngo-2011, lapho i-342 GW ingu-hydropower, 928 GW-fired coal, 100 GW wind, 43GW nuclear, 43GW natural gas.I-China iyisizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni esisebenzisa ugesi ngo-2011.

Ukudluliswa nokusabalalisa

Ngasohlangothini lokudlulisa nokusabalalisa, izwe ligxile ekwandiseni umthamo kanye nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ngokwenza lokhu:

1. ukusebenzisa ibanga elide i-ultra-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) kanye ne-ultra-high-voltage alternating current (UHVAC)

2.ukufaka ama-amorphous metal transformers asebenza kahle kakhulu

Ukudluliswa kwe-UHV emhlabeni jikelele

Ukudluliswa kwe-UHV kanye nenani lamasekhethi e-UHVAC sekwakhiwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Isibonelo, u-2,362 km wamasekhethi angu-1,150 kV akhiwe endaweni yangaphambili ye-USSR, kanti amasekhethi angu-427 km angu-1,000 kV AC athuthukisiwe e-Japan (intambo kagesi ye-Kita-Iwaki). Imigqa yokuhlola yezikali ezihlukahlukene iyatholakala emazweni amaningi. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalayini okwamanje lisebenza ngama-voltage aphansi ngenxa yesidingo samandla anganele noma ezinye izizathu. Kunezibonelo ezimbalwa ze-UHVDC. Nakuba kunamasekhethi amaningi angu-±500 kV (noma ngezansi) emhlabeni jikelele, okuwukuphela kwamasekethe asebenzayo ngaphezu kwalo mngcele uhlelo lokudluliswa kukagesi lweHydro-Québec oluku-735 kV AC (kusukela ngo-1965, ubude obuyi-11 422 km ngo-2018) kanye ne-Itaipu ± 600 kV iphrojekthi eBrazil. E-Russia, umsebenzi wokwakha kulayini we-bipolar ±750 kV DC ongu-2400 km ubude, i-HVDC Ekibastuz–Centre waqala ngo-1978 kodwa awuzange uphele. E-USA ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 kwahlelwa intambo kagesi engu-1333 kV isuka e-Celilo Converter Station iye eDamu laseHoover. Ngale njongo kwakhiwa intambo kagesi emfushane yokuhlola eduze neSiteshi Sokuguqula i-Celilo, kodwa ulayini oya e-Hoover Dam awuzange wakhiwe.

Izizathu zokudluliselwa kwe-UHV eChina

Isinqumo seShayina sokuyothuthwa nge-UHV sisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi izinsiza zamandla zikude nezikhungo zokulayisha. Iningi lezinsiza zikagesi zisentshonalanga, kanti amalahle asenyakatho-ntshonalanga, kodwa ukulayishwa okukhulu kusempumalanga naseningizimu. Ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokudlulisela ezingeni elilawulekayo, ukudluliswa kwe-UHV kuyisinqumo esinengqondo. Njengoba I-State Grid Corporation yase-China yamemezela eNgqungqutheleni Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yango-2009 Yokudluliselwa Kwamandla E-UHV e-Beijing, i-China izotshala u-RMB 600 billion (cishe amabhiliyoni angama-US$88) ekuthuthukisweni kwe-UHV phakathi kwamanje no-2020.

Ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kwegridi ye-UHV kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuphehla ugesi ezintsha, ezihlanzekile, nezisebenza kahle kakhulu kude nezikhungo zabantu. Izizinda zikagesi ezindala ngasogwini zizoyekwa. Lokhu kuzokwehlisa inani elikhona manje lokunukubezeka, kanye nokungcola okuzwiwa izakhamuzi ezihlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini emikhulu yamandla aphakathi nendawo ehlinzeka ngokushisisa kukagesi nakho akungcolisi kangako kunamabhoyela angawodwana asetshenziselwa ukushisisa ubusika emakhaya amaningi asenyakatho.Igridi ye-UHV izosiza uhlelo lwaseShayina lokufaka ugesi kanye nokukhishwa kwecarbon, futhi inike amandla ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ngokususa ibhodlela lokudlulisela lokho. njengamanje ikhawulela ukwanda kwamandla ophehlwa komoya kanye nelanga ngenkathi ithuthukisa imakethe yezimoto zikagesi zebanga elide eChina.

Amasekhethi e-UHV aqediwe noma asakhiwa

Kusukela ngo-2021, amasekhethi e-UHV asebenzayo yilawa:

 

Imigqa ye-UHV engasakhiwa/Elungiselelayo yile:

 

Impikiswano nge-UHV

Kunokuphikisana ngokuthi ngabe ukwakhiwa okuhlongozwe yi-State Grid Corporation yase-China kuyisu lokusebenzisa ukuzimela kanye nokulwa noshintsho lwamagridi kagesi.

Ngaphambi kweSivumelwano SaseParis, esenze kwadingeka ukuthi kuqedwe amalahle, uwoyela negesi, kube nokuphikisana nge-UHV kusukela ngo-2004 lapho i-State Grid Corporation yaseChina iphakamisa umqondo wokwakhiwa kwe-UHV. Impikiswano ibigxile ku-UHVAC kuyilapho umqondo wokwakha i-UHVDC wamukelwe kabanzi.Izindaba okuphikiswana ngazo kakhulu yilezi ezine ezibalwe ngezansi.

1. Izinkinga zokuphepha nokuthembeka: Ngokwakhiwa kwemigqa eminingi kagesi ye-UHV, igridi kagesi esizweni sonke ixhumeke kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka ingozi emgqeni owodwa, kunzima ukukhawulela ithonya endaweni encane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amathuba okuthi kucinywe ugesi ayakhula. Futhi, kungase kube sengozini enkulu yobuphekula.
   
2. Udaba lwemakethe: Zonke ezinye izintambo zokudlulisa i-UHV emhlabeni wonke okwamanje zisebenza ngogesi ophansi ngenxa yokuthi asikho isidingo esanele.Amandla okudluliselwa kwebanga elide adinga ucwaningo olunzulu. Nakuba izinsiza eziningi zamalahle zisenyakatho-ntshonalanga, kunzima ukwakha izizinda zokuphehla amandla amalahle lapho ngoba zidinga amanzi amaningi futhi lokho kuwumthombo oyindlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina. Futhi ngokuthuthuka komnotho entshonalanga neChina, isidingo sikagesi sikhula ngamandla kule minyaka.
3. Izinkinga zemvelo nokusebenza kahle: Abanye ochwepheshe baphikisa ngokuthi imigqa ye-UHV ngeke yonge umhlaba omningi uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakha imizila yezitimela eyengeziwe ukuze kukhuliswe ukuthutha kwamalahle kanye nokuphehlwa kukagesi wendawo. kuvinjwe. Enye inkinga ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela. Ukusebenzisa ukushisa okuhlanganisiwe namandla ekupheleni komsebenzisi konga amandla kunokusebenzisa amandla asuka kolayini bamabanga amade.
   
4. Udaba lwezomnotho: Isamba sokutshalwa kwezimali silinganiselwa ku-RMB eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-270 (cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40), ebiza kakhulu kunokwakha ujantshi omusha wokuthutha amalahle.

Njengoba i-UHV inikeza ithuba lokudlulisa amandla avuselelekayo ukusuka ezindaweni ezikude ezinamandla amakhulu okufakwa kwamandla omoya nama-photovoltaics. I-SGCC isho amandla anamandla omoya angu-200 GW esifundeni sase-Xinjiang.

I-Sichuan D&F Electric Co., Ltd.njengomkhiqizi ohamba phambili wezinto zokufakelwa ugesi, izingxenye zesakhiwo zokuvala ugesi, ibha yebhasi elaminethiwe, ibha yebhasi eqinile yethusi kanye nebha yebhasi eguquguqukayo, singabanye abahlinzeki abakhulu bezingxenye zokufaka ugesi kanye nemigoqo yamabhasi elayiniwe kulawa maphrojekthi wokudlulisa we-UHVDC wombuso. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, sicela uvakashele iwebhusayithi yami ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nemikhiqizo.